Astigmatism Symptoms, Causes, Treatment and Prevention

Astigmatism, a major refractive error, can cause blurriness while viewing things. When either the cornea or lens becomes more curved than usual, light rays do not converge on the retina, creating a virtual image that is difficult to focus on. The symptoms are similar to hypermetropia, and if left untreated, it can lead to a gradual decline in vision. Worry not - we are here to guide you through the possible diagnostic methods to detect astigmatic eyes. Keep reading to uncover the details!

Astigmatism: A General Overview

Normally, the curvature of the eyes is maintained so that light rays can focus on the retina. However, a person affected with astigmatism has a much rounder and steeper curve, similar to that of the back surface of a football. As a result, the incident rays suffer a sharper bend, thus negatively affecting vision. Over time, the eyes lose their ability to focus, especially on closer objects. Common treatment methods include wearing eyeglasses and contact lenses, with the most reliable option being refractive eye surgery!

How common is astigmatism?

As per the American Academy of Ophthalmology findings, around 33% of the US population suffers from astigmatism. This is irrespective of age, race and gender, as recent reports say that even babies may have this condition. While some outgrow this condition, many of them suffer from future complications. Thus, one must prioritize astigmatism and not leave it untreated.

Astigmatic conditions: What are the types?

Depending on the unevenness of the corneal surface, astigmatism can be classified into three main types. They are as follows:

  • Corneal astigmatism: This is characterized by a range of symptoms, including blurred vision, sensitivity to bright light, glare and halos, headaches, and eye strain. Various factors, such as eye injury, keratoconus, or previous eye surgeries, can cause these symptoms.
  • Lenticular astigmatism: The symptoms are the same as those of the first and are generally caused by cataracts. However, it may exist since birth or develop due to an eye injury, chronic disease, or previous operative procedures.
  • Retinal astigmatism: People with retinal astigmatism experience distorted vision accompanied by eyestrain, headaches, and night blindness. In this condition, light rays do not converge at a single focal point but form several focal lines.

(Note: Some people may face both corneal and lenticular astigmatism at the same time.)

Signs and symptoms of Astigmatism

As mentioned, blurry sight is one of the most common signs of astigmatism. This makes it difficult for people to visualize detailed images, regardless of how close the object is kept. However, the list does not end here; here's what you can expect.

  • Seeing glares or halos in bright lights.
  • Urge to squint to see clearly.
  • Persistent headaches.
  • Excessive fatigue.
  • Straining of eyes.


It's crucial to note that some young children may not be aware of their astigmatism until it has progressed significantly. Therefore, scheduling a visit to an eye specialist is of utmost importance for early detection. As a parent, it's your responsibility to be vigilant for signs such as frequent eye rubbing, complaints of headaches, and arrange for an eye checkup promptly. Your vigilance can make a significant difference in your child's vision and overall well-being.

Astigmatism: Possible Causes Explained

Astigmatism is highly genetic, meaning that individuals with one or both parents affected are at a high risk of developing it. It can also happen due to the eyelids unnecessarily pressurizing the cornea. The following is a list of certain health conditions that can trigger astigmatism.

  • Eye injuries: An accidental blow to the eye can change its surface anatomy and damage the optic nerve, resulting in astigmatism.
  • Keratoconus: Keratoconus causes the smooth corneal surface to warp into an uneven shape. This, in turn, results in the cornea becoming thin and bulging into a cone-shaped structure. Over time, it can trigger the onset of astigmatism and cause visual difficulties.
  • Foreign objects: Invasion of foreign particles into the eye can damage the corneal surface and result in astigmatic condition.
  • Chemical burns: Accidental exposure to harsh and toxic chemicals can traumatize the eyes, leading to astigmatism. 
  • Excessive rubbing of eyes: This creates friction and potentially results in microtears on the corneal surface. As a consequence, an individual may develop astigmatic eyes.
  • Side effects of eye surgeries: Operations done previously to the eyes can result in unwanted side effects or complications and cause astigmatism.

Possible complications for a prolonged untreated Astigmatism

Astigmatism, when left untreated for long, leads to severe headaches, difficulty focusing on objects, etc. However, in severe cases, permanent visual loss may happen.

Diagnostic procedures for Astigmatic eyes

Checking overall eye health


After you visit an eye clinic, the ophthalmologist will perform an optical exam. But before that, he will ask a few questions, such as:

  • Do you get an uneasy sensation while viewing nearby things?
  • From when you have been facing difficulty?
  • Do you frequently experience pain within the head or any similar symptoms?
  • If you get any throbbing sensation or a persistent discomfort surrounding the eye region?
  • Did you contract any eye infection previously?
  • Do you have any specific allergies?
  • Is there any existing eye infection or allergy?
  • Did you get your eyes operated on recently?
  • Do you smoke or tend to drink heavily?
  • Are you having a baby in the womb?
  • How often do you cleanse your eyes and maintain visual hygiene?

Testing procedures

Here's a list of methods that eye specialists employ to diagnose your eyes for any internal abnormality. These are as follows:

  • Visual acuity test: It is the most common procedure in which the suspected individual is made to read out letters from the Snellen's chart. The chart contains alphabets and symbols of different sizes, helping the person to obtain a full-customized treatment. 
  • Refraction test: This test is beneficial in measuring the amount of light passing through the eyes and how much the rays bend as they enter the eyes. The doctor uses this information to plan a suitable eye prescription for optimal visual acuity.
  • Keratometry: This procedure measures the cornea's curvature range, vital for determining its refractive power.
  • Slit lamp exam: A slit lamp is a particular type of microscope fitted with a bright light. It is highly beneficial to obtain a detailed view of the internal structures involving the lens, cornea, etc. The ophthalmologist will accordingly adjust the intensity and thickness of the light's beam to see the various layers and eye parts.

How do you treat Astigmatism?

The standard treatment for astigmatism is corrective lenses. However, depending on the extent of the problem, the eye care specialist will prescribe eyeglassesor contact lenses to aid in clear vision. In case your astigmatism is moderate and does not affect vision much, there is no need to put corrective eyewear. Visiting the ophthalmologist regularly makes it possible to monitor changes in your lens shape and know if any further testing procedure is required. Remember, astigmatism can change with time and get worse. Thus, it is best to attend follow-up visits, even if you feel apparently 'fine'.

Is it possible to correct astigmatism completely?

Wearing glasses or contacts helps manage vision but does not restore the shape of your eye surface. Several sophisticated surgical methods are available that can help permanently solve your refractive issue. The most common is vision correction surgery, such as LASIK eye surgery, photorefractive keratectomy, or PRK eye surgery. A specially trained eye surgeon will perform these procedures to rectify the de-shaped cornea so that light rays can hit the retina optimally and promote visual acuity.

How frequently do you need optical exams to prevent astigmatism?

The best way to prevent astigmatism is to get regular eye checkups from an ophthalmologist. The frequency usually depends on the suspected person's age. Below is a list.

  • Children: Take your child to a reputed ⦁ pediatrician after every year to check the eyes. It must be a part of a well-child visit until they start with their school.
  • People less than 40 years: Checkups must be done afterevery five or ten years.
  • Adults aged 40 to 55: They must visit an eye expert every two to four years.
  • Adults older than 55: Must go for an eye checkup after every one to three years.

(Note: In case you wear corrective glasses or lenses and have metabolic disorders like diabetes, you are required to visit an ophthalmologist more often, like after every six months.)

Homely Tips for Preventing Astigmatism

Although there is no going back after you catch up with astigmatism, following the tips below can help prevent it.

  • Taking breaks while working: If you work long hours in front of the laptop screen, pause in between to reduce strain from the eyes.
  • Frequent blinking: Blinking helps moisten the eyes by distributing the aqueous fluid around them, relieving dryness and excess stress.
  • Using enough lighting: Maintaining a bright light while working helps avert potential long-term consequences for the eyes. Put your light source as near as possible to avoid shadows and glares.
  • Adjusting print size: Choose a bigger font while printing or writing anything on the screen. This reduces unnecessary pressure from the eyes and prevents the worsening of symptoms.
  • Doing eye exercises: Consult your ophthalmologist on what eye exercises you must do. They help improve blood circulation around the eye muscles and tissues, helping in better and enhanced vision.
  • Staying hydrated: Drinking enough water is beneficial for preventing dryness of the eyes, which is one of the significant reasons for deteriorating astigmatism. You can also take organic fruit juices and smoothies to maintain eye health.
  • Reducing stress: Stress is the biggest contributor to poor eye health. Try deep belly breathing or yoga to minimize mental pressure and relieve the strain from your eyes.
  • Eating foods enriched in essential micronutrients: For optimal visual health, eat foods that are rich in Vitamin A, C, and omega-3 fatty acids. Some good sources are milk, eggs, fatty fish, green leafy vegetables, etc.
  • Maintaining proper eye hygiene: After you return home from outside, splash clean water into your eyes as much as possible. This helps eliminate harmful particles and dirt, ensuring optimum visual clarity.
  • Coating eyeglasses with anti-glare components: These surfacings cut down bright reflections and protect the eyes from damage. This is specifically beneficial for those working long hours in front of digital screens.
  • Avoiding physical harm to the eyes: Always wear protective eyewear while you go out or perform any adventurous sport. This helps prevent accidental injuries and reduces the possibility of eye damage.

When do you need to visit the doctor?

If you notice any continued change in vision, especially a sudden feeling of discomfort or blurry vision, consult an ophthalmologist as soon as possible. Generally, people with astigmatic eyes face problems seeing at night or during rainy days, etc. Thus, treat it as vital and arrange a timely eye checkup before it gets too late!

Conclusion: Get a new perspective with our top ophthalmologists!

Similar to other refractive eye disorders, astigmatism cannot be fully cured. But the good news is that you can manage it with timely treatment to prevent further worsening. Thus, if you have difficulty viewing nearby objects, do not sit back for long. Come to us at Vision Cure Clinic and embark on a crystal-clear perspective today!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

A person with astigmatism may see things as blurry and distorted. He may also experience glares and halos.

Astigmatism is a gradual and slow process, and one remains unaware until severe consequences appear after a long time. Thus, it is recommended that you visit an ophthalmologist and quickly test your eyes.

During an optical checkup, the doctor conducts various eye exams. These involve measuring the curvature of the cornea, estimating the refractive ability of the eyes, and so on.

The prime cause of astigmatism is an unevenly shaped cornea. This causes light rays to bend sharply and not converge into the retinal layer, resulting in distorted vision. 

As mentioned, about 1 in 3 people worldwide have astigmatism, and most of them have all three refractive eye disorders.

The first line of treatment for astigmatism is usually corrective lenses, such as glasses and contact lenses. However, if the condition is severe, ophthalmologists will prescribe refractive eye surgeries like LASIK.

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